From: Dietary inclusion effects of phytochemicals as growth promoters in animal production
Reference | Phasea | Phytochemicals | Dosage | Productive performance b | Carcass qualityc | Meat qualityd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[29] | G and F | Thyme and cinnamon | 100 and 200 ppm | ↑ BWG, FI and FCR | 200 ppm ↓abdominal fat % | - |
[32] | G and F | Soybean isoflavone | 10 to 80 mg/Kg | 10 and 20 mg/Kg ↑ BWG and FI | - | 40 mg/ kg ↑ WHC and pH 40 or 80 mg/Kg ↑lightness ↓MDA |
[39] | I-F | Thyme extract | 50, 100, 200, or 400 ppm | ↑ BWG | - | - |
[40] | I-F | Piperine | 0, 60, 120, and 180 mg/kg | In the final period: 60 mg kg 1 ↑ WG and FCR | - | - |
[41] | I-F | AV/AGP/10 essential oils (Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Trigonella foenum graecum, Eruca sativa & many others in a fixed concentration) | 250 and 500 g/ton of feed | Herbal ≈ antibiotic | The AV/AGP/10 ↑ CY and dressing percentage | - |
[62] | I and G | Black cumin seed, Artemisia leaves, Camellia l. | 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg | Artemisia ↓FI up to 21 d of age. -Black cumin ↑BW at 21 and 42 d of age and ↓FCR. Camellia ↓BW, FI, FCR | NE | - |
[89] | I-F | Genistein (G) hesperidin (H) | 5 mg/kg G H5, 10 20 mg/kg of mixture | - | - | In breast muscles: ↑PFA, n-6/n-3 and PFA/SFA |
[90] | G and F | Oregano, anis and citrus peel | 125 ppm | ↑ FCR ≈ antibiotic | NE | ↑tenderness ↑acceptability |
[97] | I-F | Quercetin | 0.5 and 1 g/kg of feed | Poorer FCR | - | ↑ MDA |
[98] | I-F | Naringin and Hesperidin | 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg | NE | NE | ↑ Oxidative stability |
[99] | I-F | Moringa Olifeira leaf meal | 1, 3 and 5 g : 3, 9 and 15 g: 5, 15 and 25 g per kg of feed | ↑ FCR ↑BW and ADG | - | - |
[100] | I-F | Oregano and vitamin E | 100 mg/kg of feed | NE FI, BWG, and FCR | -The MDA in oregano was the second highest, at 9 d of storage | |
[101] | G | Oregano, clove, cinnamon, red pepper | 100 ppm | NE | - | - |
[102] | I and G | Sangrovit® Macleaya cordata extract | 20 mg/Kf of feed 0.24 mg/Kg of sanguinarine | NE FI, BWG, FCR | NE | - |
[103] | I | Rosemary and oregano Commercial blend of essential oils | 50 and 100 mg 1 g of comercial | BWG and FCR ≈ avilamycin | - | - |
[121] | I-F | Biostrong 505 Biostrong 510 | 0.05% | ↑ Growth | Biostrong 505 ↑ CW and BR | - |
[104] | F | Clove powder Agrinomy extract Lemon balm | 1% clove / 0.2% lemon balm extract or agrynomy extract | ↑ BWG - first period ↓FCR | ↑ CW | ↑ Crude protein ↓ Fat ↑ sensory evaluation |
[106] | I-F | oregano, anis and citrus | 125 g/t | ↑ BWG | - | - |